Science and Technology in the Middle Ages:
A Preliminary Bibliography

• Aitchison, Leslie. A History of Metals. 2 vols. London, 1960.
• Arano, Luisa Cogliati. The Medieval Health Handbook, Tacuinum sanitatis. Translated by Oscar Ratti and Adele Westbrook. New York, 1976.
• Ascherl, Rosemary. "The Technology of Chivalry in Reality and Romances." In The study of Chivalry: Resources and Approaches, edited by Howell Chickering and Thomas Seiler, 263-311. Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1988.
• Bachrach, Bernard S. "Charles Martel, Mounted Shock Combat, the Stirrup, and Feudal Origins." Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 7 (1970): 47-76.
• Bachrach, Bernard S. Merovingian Military Organization, 481-751. Minneapolis, 1972.
• Bachrach, Bernard S. "The Origin of Armorial Chivalry." Technology and Culture 10 (1969): 166-71.
• Bechmann, Roland. Trees and Man: The Forest in the Middle Ages. Translated by Katharyn Dunham. New York, 1990.
• Bedini, Silvio. "The Role of Automata in the History of Technology." Technology and Culture 4 (1964): 24-42.
• Bennett, Judith M. "The Village Ale-Wife. Women and Brewing in Fourteenth Century England." In Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe, edited by Barbara A. Hanawalt, 20-36. Bloomington, Indiana, 1986.
• Benoit, P., and P. Brunstein, eds. Mines, carrières, et métallurgie dans la France médiévale. Paris, 1983.
• Bivar, A.D.H. "The Stirrup and Its Origins." Oriental Arts, n.s. 1 (1955): 61-68.
• Bowles, Edmund A. "On the Origin of the Keyboard Mechanism in the Late Middle Ages." Technology and Culture 7 (1966): 152-62.
• Boyer, Marjorie Nice. "A Day's Journey in Medieval France." Speculum 26 (1951): 597-608.
• Boyer, Marjorie Nice. "Medieval Suspended Carriages." Speculum 34 (1959): 359-66.
• Boyer, Marjorie Nice, "Rebuilding the Bridge at Albi, 1408-1410." Technology and Culture 10 (1969): 24-37.
• Boyer, Marjorie Nice, "Roads and Rivers: Their Use and Disuse in Late Medieval France." Medievalia et Humanistica 13 (1960): 68-80.
• Boyer, Marjorie Nice, "Water Mills: A Problem for the Bridges and Boats of Medieval France." History of Technology 7 (1982): 1-22.
• Bradbury, Jim. The Medieval Archer. New York, 1985.
• Braudel, Fernand. Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, vol. I, The Structures of Everyday Life: The Limits of the Possible. Translated by Siân Reynolds. New York, 1981.
• Bryer, Anthony. "Europe and the Wider World to the Fifteenth Century." In Douglas Johnson, ed., The Making of the Modern World, vol. 1, Europe Discovers the World, 50-92. London, 1971.
• Carus-Wilson, E. M. "An Industrial Revolution of the Thirteenth Century." Economic History Review 12 (1941): 39-60.
• Casson, Lionel, "New Light on Ancient Rigging and Boatbuilding," American Neptune 24 (1964): 81-94.
• Crossley, David W., ed. Medieval Industry (Research Report 40, Council for British Archaeology). London, 1981.
• Drew, Katherine Fischer, trans. and ed. The Burgundian Code: Book of Constitutions or Law of Gundobad, Additional Enactments. Philadelphia, 1972.
• Duby, Georges. The Early Growth of European Economy: Warriors and Peasants from the Seventh to the Twelfth Century. Translated by Howard B. Clarke. Ithaca, New York, 1974.
• Duby, Georges. Rural Economy and Country Life in the Medieval West. Translated by Cynthia Postan. Columbia, South Carolina, 1968.
• Dyer, Christopher. Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge, 1989.
• Eisenstein, Elizabeth E. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1979.
• Elton Manorial Records, 1279-1351. Edited by S. C. Ratcliff, translated by D. M. Gregory. Cambridge, 1946.
• Endrei, Walter. L'Evolution des techniques du filage et du tissage du Moyen Age à la révolution industrielle. Translated from the Hungarian by Joseph Tackacs. Paris, 1968.
• Etz, Donald V. "The First Technological Revolution." Technology and Culture 8 (1967): 505-16.
• Finley, M. I. "Technical Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World." Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 18 (1965): 29-45.
• Foley, Vernard, Werner Soedel, John Turner, and Brian Wilhoite. "The Origin of Gearing." History of Technology 7 (1982): 101-29.
• Forbes, R. J. Man the Maker: A History of Technology and Engineering. London, 1958.
• Gaier, C. "La Cavalerie lourde en Europe occidentale du XIIe au XVe siècle." Revue internationale d'histoire militaire 31 (1971): 385-96.
• Gairdner, James, ed. The Paston Letters, 1422-1509. 6 vols. London, 1904.
• Gale, W. K. V. Iron and Steel. London, 1969.
• Grant, Michael. The World of Rome. New York, 1960.
• Hall, Bert S. "Der Meister sol auch kennen schreiben und lesen: Writings About Technology, ca. 1400-1600 A.D., and their Cultural Implications." In Denise Schmant-Besserat, ed., Early Technologies, 47-58. Malibu, California, 1979.
• Hall, Bert S. "The New Leonardo," review of Ladislao Reti, ed., Leonardo da Vinci, the Madrid Codices and The Unknown Leonardo. Isis 67 (1976): 463-76.
• Hall, Bert S., and Delno C. West, eds. On Pre-modern Technology and Science: A Volume of Studies in Honor of Lynn White, Jr. Malibu, California, 1976.
• Hart, Ivor B. The World of Leonardo da Vinci, Man of Science, Engineer, and Dreamer of Flight. New York, 1962.
• Harte, N.B., and K. G. Ponting. Cloth and Clothing in Medieval Europe: Essays in Memory of Professor E. M. Carus-Wilson. London, 1983.
• Hartenberg, Richard S., and John Schmidt, Jr. "The Egyptian Drill and the Origin of the Crank." Technology and Culture 10 (1969): 155-65.
• Harvey, John Hooper. The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art. New York: 1969 (first published in 1950).
• Harvey, John Hooper, Mediaeval Craftsmen. London, 1975.
• Hatch, Mary Gies. "Die gulzige Waterwolf: Medieval Dikes in Friesland." Unpublished paper.
• Hawthorne, John G., and Cyril Stanley Smith. On Divers Arts: The Treatise of Theophilus. Chicago, 1963.
• Herlihy, David, Robert S. Lopez, and Vsevolod Slessarev, eds. Economy, Society, and Government in Medieval Italy: Essays in Memory of Robert Reynolds. Kent, Ohio, 1969.
• Hill, Donald. A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. La Salle, Illinois, 1984.
• Hill, Donald. "Trebuchets." Viator 4 (1973): 99-116.
• Hodges, Richard, and David Whitehouse. Mohammed, Charlemagne, and the Origins of Europe: Archaeology and the Pirenne Thesis. Ithaca, New York, 1983.
• Holmes, Urban Tigner, Jr. Daily Living in the Twelfth Century, Based on the Observations of Alexander Neckam in London and Paris. Madison, Wisconsin, 1966 (first published in 1952).
• Holt, Richard. The Mills of Medieval England. London, 1988.
• Husa, Vaclav, Joseph Petrau, and Alena Surbota. Traditional Crafts and Skills: Life and Work in Medieval and Renaissance Times. London, 1967.
• Kilby, Kenneth. The Cooper and His Trade. London, 1971.
• Landels, J. G. Engineering in the Ancient World. Berkeley, California, 1978.
• Landes, David S. Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1983.
• Lane, Frederic C. "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass." American Historical Review 68 (1963): 605-17.
• Lane, Frederic C. Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance. New York, 1979 (first published in 1934).
• Le Goff, Jacques. Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Chicago, 1980.
• Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. Times of Feast, Times of Famine: A History of Climate Since the Year 1000. Translated by Barbara Bray. New York, 1971.
• Lewis, Archibald R. "The Islamic World and the Latin West, 1350-1500." Speculum 65 (1990): 833-44.
• Lewis, Archibald R. Nomads and Crusaders, A.D. 1000-1368. Bloomington, Indiana, 1991.
• Lewis, Bernard. The Arabs in History. New York, 1960 (first published in 1950).
• Lewis, Bernard, The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York, 1982.
• Long, Pamela O., ed. Science and Technology in Medieval Society. New York, 1985.
• Lopez, Robert S. The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350. Cambridge, 1976.
• Lopez, Robert S., "The Evolution of Land Transport in the Middle Ages." Past and Present 9 (1956): 17-29.
• McCluskey, Stephen C. "Gregory of Tours, Monastic Timekeeping, and Early Christian Attitudes to Astronomy." Isis 81 (1990): 8-22.
• Mahmud, Sayed Jafar. Metal Technology in Medieval India. Delhi, 1988.
• Martini, Francesco di Giorgio. Trattati di architettura, ingegneria, e arte militare. 2 vols. Milan, 1967.
• Mokyr, Joel. The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress. New York, 1990.
• Mundy, John H., and Peter Riesenberg. The Medieval Town. Princeton, New Jersey, 1958.
• Neckam, Alexander. De naturis rerum. Translated by Thomas Wright. London, 1863.
• Needham, Joseph. "Chinese Priorities in Cast Iron Metallurgy." Technology and Culture 5 (1964): 398-404.
• Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China. Cambridge, 1954-. Vol. 1, Introductory Orientations, 1954. Vol IV., pt. 1 (with Wang Ling), Physics, 1962. Vol. IV. pt. 2 (with Wang Ling), Mechanical Engineering, 1965. Vol V., pt. 1 (sole author, Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin), Paper and Printing, 1985. Vol. V., pt. 7 (With Ho Ping-Yu, Lu Gwei-Djen, and Wang Ling), Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic, 1986.
• North, J.D. "The Astrolabe." Scientific American 230 (1974): 96-106.
• North, J. D., ed. and trans. Richard of Wallingford, Tractatus horologii astronomici. 3 vols. Oxford, 1976.
• O'Leary, De Lacy. How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs. London, 1964.
• Ovitt, George, Jr. The Restoration of Perfection: Labor and Technology in Medieval Culture. New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1987.
• Phillips, J. R. S. The Medieval Expansion of Europe. Oxford, 1988.
• Postan, M. M. The Medieval Economy and Society: An Economic History of Britain, 1100-1500. Berkeley, California, 1972.
• Pounds, Norman J. G. Hearth and Home: A History of Material Culture. Bloomington, Indiana, 1989.
• Power, Elieen. Medieval Women. Edited by M. M. Postan. Cambridge, 1975.
• Price, Derek J. deSolla. "Automata and the Origins of Mechanism and Mechanistic Philosophy." Technology and Culture 5 (1964): 9-23.
• Reynolds, Robert L. Europe Emerges: Transition Toward an Industrial World-wide Society, 600-1750. Madison, Wisconsin, 1967.